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Theoclia (sister of Alexander Severus)
Theoclia〔Augustan History, The Two Maximini, 29〕 (flourished 3rd century, died 218〔Birley, ''Septimius Severus: The African Emperor'', p.222〕) was a Syrian Roman noblewoman.
Theoclia was most probably born and raised in Arca Caesarea (modern Arqa, Lebanon). She is the known daughter of the Roman Equestrian〔(Julia Avita Mamaea’s article at Livius.org )〕 Promagistrate〔(Alexander Severus (A.D. 222–235) - De Imperatoribus Romanis by H.W. Benario )〕 Marcus Julius Gessius Marcianus and his wife, Julia Avita Mamaea.〔Cassius Dio, Roman History, 79〕 She is the known sister of the Roman emperor Alexander Severus,〔Lemprière, ''A Classical Dictionary, Containing a Copious Account of All the Proper Names Mentioned in Ancient Authors'', p. 70〕 who ruled from 222 until 235. She may had an elder brother called Marcus Julius Gessius Bassianus〔Birley, ''Septimius Severus: The African Emperor'', pp. 217, 222〕 who served as a Magister in the Arval Brethren during the reign of Roman emperor Caracalla〔Prado, ''The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or Fiction?'', p.xxiii〕 who ruled from 212 until 217.
Through her mother, Theoclia was a relation to the Royal family of Emesa and the Severan dynasty of the Roman Empire.〔Birley, ''Septimius Severus: The African Emperor''〕 The only two Roman Historical sources that mention her is Roman History by Cassius Dio who mentions Theoclia as only the unnamed sister of Alexander Severus and the Augustan History book ''The Two Maximini'' who gives her name as Theoclia.
Mamaea intended at one time for Theoclia to marry Gaius Julius Verus Maximus, son of the future Roman emperor Maximinus Thrax〔Smyth, ''Descriptive catalogue of a cabinet of Roman imperial large-brass medals'', p. 237〕 from wife, Caecilia Paulina. However Alexander Severus, persuaded his mother not to marry Theoclia to Maximus disliking the moroseness of Maximus’ father. Instead, Mamaea married Theoclia to a Roman nobleman of illustrious birth called Messalla.〔Smyth, ''Descriptive catalogue of a cabinet of Roman imperial large-brass medals'', p. 237〕 The Augustan History describes Theoclia’s character as a 'product of Greek culture' while describes her husband Messalla as a learned man who was a very powerful speaker. Theoclia, along with her husband and father were murdered on the orders of Roman emperor Macrinus in 218〔Birley, ''Septimius Severus: The African Emperor'', p. 222〕 in Emesa, Syria.
==References==
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